Premieres of Offenbach’s Les contes d’Hoffman in Paris (1881) and Rimski-Korsakov’s Snyegurochka in St Petersburg (1882).

Birthday anniversaries of playwright Bertolt Brecht (1898), mezzo-soprano Gianna Pederzini (1900), soprano Maria Cebotari (1910), conductor Henry Krips (1912) and bass Cesare Siepi (1923).